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| Stephane Ebongue |
I was so caught up in this amazing documented story that I had to share with you KD readers.
Stephane Ebongue fled Cameroon because of the colour of his skin –
his albinism made him a target for those who believe such people have
special powers. Years later he returned home to confront a witchdoctor,
and to question him about the practice of using human body parts in
“magic” potions.
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Stephane Ebongue stands nervously at the edge of a forest trail,
dressed in a suit and carrying a briefcase. His dark sunglasses are a
necessity because he has albinism, but they also hide his nervousness.
“My heart is beating fast. I have never come to a place like this
before,” he says.
This is the day he hopes to find answers he has spent years searching
for. The trail leads to a witchdoctor who trades in albino potions.
“I would like to find out why albinos keep getting killed. Maybe the secret lies at the end of this path,” he says.
Ebongue is a journalist, a rational man who deals in facts. He does
not believe in magic, yet he is deeply unsettled about this meeting.
Across Africa, in countries such as Tanzania, Malawi and Ebongue’s
own country, Cameroon, there is a belief that people with albinism bring
luck or have magical powers. This has devastating consequences for
those with the condition.
“It is believed that parts of an albino, such as their heart, hair or
fingernails, are important to make magical potions – for instance to
fertilise the soil, to become invincible, to win political elections or a
football match,” says Ebongue.
“This is why albinos are killed and mutilated for the parts of their body.”
According to a recent UN report, such body parts can fetch prices
from $2,000 for a limb to $75,000 for a “complete set” – a whole body.
Ebongue was 15 when his older brother, Maurice, who also had albinism, went missing 30 years ago.
“He went out one morning and did not come back,” says Ebongue.
Days later the family found the 18-year-old’s body in some bushes. He
had been mutilated. “His stomach was opened – I don’t know what was
missing inside,” says Ebongue.
Ebongue’s parents tried to give their two sons with albinism a normal
childhood – they treated them the same way as their other children – so
it wasn’t until he first went to school that he realised he was
different. His classmates would ask him, “Why is it that you are white
and we are black?”
“They were coming to touch my skin thinking that I had put talcum powder on there,” he says.
At first he got into fights at school but his parents, both teachers, knew what to do.
“They understood the problem and pushed me to study harder.
“My revenge was that I was always the first in my class.”
The trouble was that like most people with albinism, Ebongue had very
poor sight, which made it difficult for him to read small print or see
the blackboard, even when he sat at the front of the class.
“During official exams there were many times where I had to hand in a
blank sheet of paper,” he says. “Not because I wasn’t up to the task,
but because the script was written so small that I could not read it. I
had to give back a blank sheet of paper and go out crying.”
He swore to himself that he would one day create a library where
visually impaired people like himself would be able to read with ease.
Ebongue went to study journalism and English literature at
university, where he was the only student with albinism out of 10,000.
His uniqueness made him a point of reference in the local community.
“People would say, ‘Where the house of the albino is, meet me there,'”
he says.
By 2007, at the age of 37, he was married and working as a journalist
in Buea, in the shadow of Mount Cameroon, one of Africa’s most active
volcanoes.
It was the volcano that caused a huge crisis in Ebongue’s life.
“It is believed that when there is an eruption it means Epasamoto,
the god of the mountain, is angry,” says Ebongue. “To calm him down they
need the blood of an albino.”
When the volcano had erupted in 1999, lava flowed down the side of
the mountain, stopping just short of Buea. There were no casualties, but
the traditional doctors claimed that the town had been spared only
because albinos had been sacrificed.
In 2007 there were fears of a new eruption and people were doing
“everything possible” to stop it. At times like this, when what Ebongue
calls a “general psychosis” takes hold, people with albinism go into
hiding.
Fearing for his life, Ebongue decided to go abroad. His wife and
three children, none of whom had the condition, were safe – they could
follow at a later date, he thought.
He found a captain willing to smuggle him on board a ship carrying timber to Italy, and spent 33 days hidden in the dark hold.
“I was asking myself many questions without answers, so it was mentally and psychologically very difficult,” he says.
“I was suffering. I had left my wife and my children, I had left my job, I had left my country, I had left my friends.”
Soon after arriving in Genoa, Ebongue was granted refugee status on humanitarian grounds.
Living in Italy was liberating. For once, his colour was an advantage
– other Cameroonians would regularly be stopped by the police, whereas
he was not.
“When I lived in Africa I had three enemies: the sun, the people’s disgust and the fear,” he says.
“Here, I don’t have such problems. I feel freer here, I feel free to move, I’m not ashamed.”
In his new home, Ebongue found he was provided with specialist sun
cream as well as a magnifier, to help him read. He had never seen
anything like it before – and when he saw what it could do, he burst
into tears. Before it would take him two months to read a novel. With
the magnifier he read 10 in a month. “I was trying to make up for lost
time,” he says.
The experience made him even more determined to build a specialist library in Cameroon.
Ebongue soon learned Italian and settled in Turin, where he taught
the language to new arrivals, and made a new friend in local journalist
Fabio Lepore.
The two men bonded because Lepore, too, has a visual impairment. His
is caused by macular degeneration – Stargardt disease – which means he
has 2/20 vision in both eyes. “I was lucky because I started to lose my
sight at the age of 16, so I could learn how to do without,” says
Lepore. “I can’t drive a car – but I can paraglide.”
They began working on a documentary about Ebongue, called Jolibeau’s
Travels – Jolibeau is the nickname he is known by at home in Cameroon.
And this is why, five years later, Ebongue was standing by the side
of a road in Cameroon, about to meet a witchdoctor, and struggling to
keep control of his emotions.
“I was there as a journalist,” he says. “I wanted to meet somebody
who could explain to me the deep roots of those beliefs, and I thought a
native doctor could do that.”
At the same time, he knew that many people with albinism – among them
his own brother – had died at the hands of people like the man he was
about to meet.
After a 20-minute walk through the forest, the documentary footage
shows Ebongue and Lepore arriving at a clearing in the forest, where
some washing hangs on a line next to a rudimentary wooden hut.
The witchdoctor comes out to meet them, wearing an orange tie-dye
shirt and shorts. He shakes hands with them all, giving Ebongue a
strange look.
Continue reading on the BBC website
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